Warfare

Showing 913–924 of 1131 results

The Fortress of Przemysl 19–27 March 1915
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The Fortress of Przemysl 19–27 March 1915
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After the disastrous failure of Austria-Hungary’s Galician campaign in the autumn of 1915, the Austrian fortress of Przemysl was left isolated and defiant as the Russians occupied all the surrounding territory in the wake of the Austro-Hungarian retreat. From 9 November–22 March Russian forces trapped 130,000 Habsburg troops. By 19... More
The Fourth Crusade 1202–04
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The Fourth Crusade 1202–04
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From the moment it sailed, the Fourth Crusade was dominated by the commercial and political imperatives of the supplier of their fleet, the Doge of Venice. With the crusaders unable to pay, the Doge threatened to intern them in the harbor unless they subdued Venice’s trading competitors in the Adriatic,... More
The French and Indian War 1754–63
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The French and Indian War 1754–63
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The French and Indian Wars were the colonial North American theatre of the Seven Years’ War (1756–63), which became the first global war. The conflict had arisen from issues left unresolved by the War of the Austrian succession 1740–48. The war broke out in Europe, with coalitions developing around Britain,... More
The French-Dutch Border 14 June 1815
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The French-Dutch Border 14 June 1815
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After Napoleon’s escape from exile on the island of Elba and return to power in March 1815 the Seventh Coalition was immediately formed by states that opposed his return. There were two Coalition armies already formed and stationed on France’s northern border, the Anglo-allied and Prussian. With Austrian and Russian... More
The Front Line 11 November 1918
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The Front Line 11 November 1918
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A ceasefire was declared between the Allies and Germany on 11 November 1918 (Armistice Day), becoming effective at 11.00. On the final day of World War 1, 10,000 western front soldiers were killed, wounded or declared missing. Poor communication along the front line meant many units did not receive information... More
The Frontier Growth of Colonial and English Populations 1610–1800
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The Frontier Growth of Colonial and English Populations 1610–1800
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From 1610–1800 both the English and the colonial populations from Massachusetts to Georgia experienced rapid growth, with the colonial population doubling almost every 25 years in the 1700s. The thirteen colonies were dominated by English-speaking Protestants. While, the New England colonies stayed relatively homogenous, the middle colonies from New York... More
The Galician Campaign 1–26 September 1914
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The Galician Campaign 1–26 September 1914
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The Galician campaign first demonstrated what the ensuing year would confirm: Austria-Hungary was a great power in name only, and its armed forces were by some margin the least effective of the major protagonists. In late August 1914, the Austro-Hungarian Chief of Staff von Hotzendorf ordered an advance into Poland,... More
The German Advance August–September 1914
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The German Advance August–September 1914
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At the outset of World War I, both the French and the Germans sought to realize preconceived offensive strategies on the western front, respectively Plan XVII and Aufmarsch II. While the Germans immediately advanced into Belgium and Luxembourg the French, in line with their strategy, invaded Alsace and Lorraine. The... More
The German Coastal Batteries and their ranges, May–June 1944
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The German Coastal Batteries and their ranges, May–June 1944
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As part of the Atlantic Wall fortifications stretching all along the coast of northern Europe, the fortified city of Le Havre was the most heavily defended section of the D-Day landing beaches. Its geographical position guarded it from attack on three different sides, whilst simultaneously providing its batteries with a... More
The German Offensives 21 March–17 June 1918
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The German Offensives 21 March–17 June 1918
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After almost four years of virtually static, attritional, warfare the first days of the German spring offensive appeared devastatingly successful. Pinpointing a weak point in the Allied defences near Cambrai, the Germans followed up heavy bombardment with lightning strikes spearheaded by elite Stormtroopers. The British 5th Army was forced to... More
The Glorious First of June 1794
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The Glorious First of June 1794
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France faced impending famine as summer 1794 approached after the harvest had failed, and with its ports under British blockade. A convoy crossing the Atlantic with grain from the United States promised potential salvation. A British fleet under Admiral Howe was despatched to intercept the convoy, and a French fleet... More
The Golan Heights June 1967
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The Golan Heights June 1967
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The Golan Heights presented the Israelis with a similar challenge to that facing the Italians along the Isonzo River in World War I: a well-entrenched enemy commanding high ground, on fractured karstic terrain. The wisdom of attacking was questionable; enemy dispositions would not favour air superiority and effective tank deployment,... More