The achievements of Hugh Capet, king of the Franks (a dominion, at the time roughly half the size of Berkshire, England), are hugely magnified by hindsight; his precarious dynasty in a minuscule... Read More
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The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BCE between the Egypt of Rameses II and the Hittites was a clash to determine supremacy in the Near East between the primary regional powers of the time. The result was... Read More
The Fourth Crusade from 1202–04 resulted in the dissolution of the Byzantine Empire and the establishment of a number of so called Crusader States. During this period, which became known as the... Read More
Russia emerged from the Napoleonic Wars as the most powerful terrestrial power in Europe. In 1807, by switching sides to support Napoleon, they had obtained Bialystok at the Treaty of Tilsit, and... Read More
The Republic of Texas came into being through the revolution of 1835–36 against the Mexican government. Mexico refused to recognize its independence, nor its subsequent annexation and granting of... Read More
Estimates of the total number of human deaths attributable to World War II vary widely, and have increased over time as new research, especially in the former Soviet territories, has brought new... Read More
By the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the border between New Spain and American territory ran along the Mississippi. In 1795, the United States secured unfettered navigation rights for the Mississippi from... Read More
The war had three main theatres: the Gulf of Mexico and American southwest; the Atlantic seaboard; and, the Canadian borders. Initially, preoccupied by the war with Napoleon, the British adopted a... Read More
The distorted demography of early colonial Virginia reflected the harshness of frontier settlement. In the 17th century, male migration exceeded female by a ratio of 6:1, and most male migrants were... Read More
In 1754, Britain attempted to occupy French territory west of the thirteen colonies in a desire to expand its colonial settlements to generate more raw materials for trade. This antagonized the... Read More