The Slave Trade 1619–1808

Although the trans-Atlantic trade was perhaps the dominant element in the slave trade worldwide, slavery was widely practised internally within Africa, and the Ottoman Empire and Asia also... Read More

Jewish Diaspora 587 BCE–300 CE

The Jewish diaspora (‘dispersion’) is the term used to refer to Jews who are exiled from their homeland in Israel. Although many Jews were exiled prior to 587, the first major diaspora was in 586... Read More

The Maltese Islands 1800

At the end of the 18th century, Malta was a feudal anachronism ruled by the Order of St John, the Knights Hospitaller. Their moment of glory, repulsing the siege of Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the... Read More

Free Blacks c. 1860

By 1860, the American black population was nearing 4 million of which c. 12 per cent were free. The proportion varied widely in those states where slavery was permitted. Delaware, largely through the... Read More

Tidewater Virginia Settlements 1607–21

The early colonists of Virginia diced with extinction. The ‘Great Starvation’ accounted for 80 per cent of their number; the desperate survivors were evacuating the colony, before being... Read More

Women’s Suffrage 1896–1914

Utah granted female suffrage in 1870, preceded only by Wyoming (1869). Congress promptly disenfranchised Utah’s women (1887) after they had the temerity to vote for Mormon polygamy. Generally, the... Read More

East African Slave Trade to 1500

The slave trade in East Africa appears to have been active to varying degrees before the arrival of Islam with the Arabs. References to African slaves can be found in a number of Chinese texts dating... Read More

Byzantine Empire 1430

The year 1430 saw the fall of Thessalonika to the Ottoman Empire after eight years of fighting between the Byzantines, the Venetians and the Ottomans. As pressure from the Ottomans increased and... Read More

Fort Sumter December 1860–April 1861

Fort Sumter, a coastal garrison in North Carolina, is where the first shots of the American Civil War were fired. Abraham Lincoln’s Republican victory in 1860 alarmed many slaveholders in the... Read More

Kansas–Nebraska Act 1854

Democrat Senator Stephen Douglas drafted the Kansas-Nebraska Act with President Franklin Pierce. It borrowed from the Compromise of 1850, whereby the Utah and New Mexico territories were granted... Read More

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