CE – Page 7 – The Map Archive

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Organization of the Christian Church at the Synod of Chalcedon 451 CE
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Organization of the Christian Church at the Synod of Chalcedon 451 CE
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In 451 CE, the fourth ecumenical council of the Christian Church convened in Chalcedon, Turkey. It was here that over 520 bishops met to agree on the doctrinal canons of Christianity. These included the Nicene Creed: God is the trinity of Father, Son and Holy Ghost, a view accepted by... More
Overview of Front Line 7–12 June 1944
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Overview of Front Line 7–12 June 1944
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Following the initial beach landings on 6 June, the five Allied beachheads made mixed progress inland. In the west, assisted by paratroop drops, the British had secured the vital bridges across the Caen Canal, although Caen itself was still firmly in German hands. Juno and Gold made strong progress inland... More
Pentecostalism in the United States 1900–14
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Pentecostalism in the United States 1900–14
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Charles Fox Parham’s Bethel Bible College at Topeka in Kansas, was the source of the Pentecostal movement. It was here that Parham’s students began to speak in ‘tongues’ – ecstatic speech or glossolalia. Initially met with disbelief and ridicule, Parham’s espousal of the practice of faith healing also became a... More
Pentecostalism in the World 2000
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Pentecostalism in the World 2000
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Nearly all Pentecostal denominations trace their origins to the Azusa Street Revival, in Los Angeles (1906–10). In 1914 several small Pentecostal groups in Hot Springs, Arkansas, formed the intensely mission-conscious Assemblies of God, which combined foreign missions with domestic outreach amongst urban populations, on Indian reservations and in prisons. They... More
Possessions of Military Orders c. 1320
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Possessions of Military Orders c. 1320
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'Military orders' was the name given to the ecclesiastical knights or ‘warrior monks’ who emerged in Europe during the late 11th century. They were the military arm of the Catholic Church and consisted of the Templars, Hospital, Teutonic and Spanish orders. The Spanish Orders emerged as part of the Reconquista,... More
Predominant Religions 2000
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Predominant Religions 2000
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In 2000, Catholics were the largest Christian group globally. Catholicism, which still predominates in southern and central Europe, is particularly evident in former Spanish, French and Portuguese colonies, such as Latin America, Mexico and the Philippines. Canada and Australia have large Catholic communities, reflecting immigration from the Catholic Old World,... More
Printing in the British Isles
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Printing in the British Isles
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William Caxton, a wealthy London merchant, acquired the art of printing while based in Bruges. His first printed English work, Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, was produced in 1476 in Westminster. His output was eclectic, including chivalric romances and classical translations, such as Aesop’s Fables. Britain was a slow burner in the... More
Printing Presses in Europe c. 1450
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Printing Presses in Europe c. 1450
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Johannes Gutenberg was a goldsmith in Mainz, who managed, after years of painstaking experiment, to perfect the manufacture of small metal movable type. Guttenberg produced 200 copies of his revolutionary 42-line Bible in 1453. The new technology took off, and by 1461 a rival in Bamberg, Albrecht Pfister, had produced... More
Recruitment and Fundraising for St Louis’s Crusade 1248–54
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Recruitment and Fundraising for St Louis’s Crusade 1248–54
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In 1245, Pope Innocent IV convened a great ecclesiastical council at Lyons, at which Louis IX of France announced he would lead a crusade. The pope lent his support and authorized a levy on clerical revenues to help with finance. Louis proved adept at finding additional revenues. After the Albigensian... More
Recruitment for the First Crusade 1095–96
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Recruitment for the First Crusade 1095–96
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The call for the First Crusade was made at Clermont in France’s heartland by Pope Urban II, a French nobleman by birth. In a God-fearing age his message was compelling; liberate Jerusalem and attain salvation. Urban had other pragmatic motives, since Muslims still controlled most of Spain, and threatened Byzantium... More
Reverend John Campbell in South Africa 1815
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Reverend John Campbell in South Africa 1815
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By the 19th century, when the Cape Colony came under British rule, South Africa was a major hub for maritime trade between Asia and Europe, and in the wake of traders came successive waves of Christian missionaries, originating in the Netherlands, the British Isles, France in the United States. Many... More
Secularism and Faith 1848–1915
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Secularism and Faith 1848–1915
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The French Revolution and Napoleonic wars had swept away the old aristocratic-clerical dominance of the hierarchy, and Catholics all over Europe looked once again to the ultimate authority of the pope. The papacy regarded the upsurge of liberal and nationalist movements in the 19th century with great suspicion. 1848 was... More