Settlement

Showing 13–23 of 23 results

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  The Kingdoms of Spain 910

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  The Kingdoms of Spain 910

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  In 910 much of the Iberian peninsula was governed by Muslims from the Maghreb (Moors) and was known as al-Andalus. The Muslim occupation of parts of the Iberia peninsula dates to the Umayyad victory over the Visigoths in 711. Al-Andalus was ruled by the emirs of Cordova, whose control over... More
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  The Mongol Invasion of Europe and the Near East 1237-60

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  The Mongol Invasion of Europe and the Near East 1237-60

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  The Mongol tribes of northern China coalesced into the Mongol empire under the rule of Genghis Khan (? 1167–1227) in 1206. He set in motion a series of invasions that would reverberate in Europe for the following 50 years. By the time of his death, his armies had conquered as... More
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  The Rise of Prussia 1618–1713

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  The Rise of Prussia 1618–1713

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  The ‘Great Elector’, Frederick William (1640–88), came to power with Brandenburg-Prussia in ruins from the multiple invasions of the Thirty Years’ War. His father, George William, while trying to claim neutrality, had been forced to espouse, at various points, both the Catholic and Protestant cause and consequently had his lands... More
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  The Rise of Prussia, 1713–1795

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  The Rise of Prussia, 1713–1795

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  Frederick William I became king of Prussia in 1713. He centralized the Prussian state and took possession of West Pomerania in a 1720 settlement with Sweden. He increased the army and invested in commerce and industry. His successor and son, Frederick II, ‘Frederick the Great’ (r. 1740–86), immediately conquered prosperous... More
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  The Vikings in York 866–954

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  The Vikings in York 866–954

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  The Danish Viking army of Ivar the Boneless first took York in 866, but occupation was at first intermittent. After the victory of Alfred the Great over the Viking leader Guthrum in 878, the division of England became more formalized; the Danelaw, the territory where the Vikings held sway, ran... More
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  Viking Scotland 800–1014

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  Viking Scotland 800–1014

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  Following the Viking attack on the holy island of Lindisfarne in 793, the Vikings raided the mother abbey of Iona in the Hebrides, within the Gaelic kingdom of Dalriada, just a year later. The Picts was unable to come to Iona’s aid and the Vikings raided again and again. The... More
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  Viking Settlement of Iceland c. 870–1263

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  Viking Settlement of Iceland c. 870–1263

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  Continuous settlement of Iceland began with the expedition of the stepbrothers Ingolf and Hjorleif from Norway in the early 870s. In the Vestmannaeyjar archipelago, Hjorleif was slain by his Irish slaves. In turn, Ingolf slew the slaves then, moving in stages during the summer sailing seasons, edged northwest, before founding... More
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  Viking Trade Routes in Irish Sea 800–c. 1050

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  Viking Trade Routes in Irish Sea 800–c. 1050

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  The Vikings began raiding Ireland in the late 8th century, but without establishing much in the way of permanent footholds until the rise of the Norse Dynasty of Ivar in the 860s. The dynasty’s progenitor is believed to be Ivar the Boneless, conqueror of York. The Norse dominions were loose-knit,... More
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  Vikings in Dublin 841–1200

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  Vikings in Dublin 841–1200

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  The Viking settlement of Dublin was established by the chieftain, Turgeis, who built a castle where Dublin Castle now stands. Their hold on Dublin was often tenuous, undermined by fighting between Dubgaill (‘fairhairs’) and Findgaill (‘darkhairs’) who were possibly Norwegian and Danish Viking factions. They were twice expelled before returning... More
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  Vikings in Normandy 911–1051

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  Vikings in Normandy 911–1051

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  The Vikings first began to raid what would become Normandy in the 790s and had established several permanent coastal settlements by the beginning of the 10th century. At this time, Rollo was a Viking chieftain based in Rouen, who had conducted raids on both Paris and Rouen. In a pragmatic... More
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  Vikings in Scotland 1014–1104

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  Vikings in Scotland 1014–1104

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  Sigurd the Stout, Earl of Orkney, was Norse ruler of northernmost Scotland at the beginning of the 11th century. Upon his death in 1014, his patrimony was divided between his four sons, who feuded for many years. The youngest, Thorfinn the Mighty, finally wrested control in 1030. Soon presented with... More