East Central Europe 1720
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Map Code: Ax01938By the Treaty of Karlowitz (1699), the Ottoman Empire ceded large chunks of Balkan territory to the Habsburgs, Venetians and Poles. After a further defeat, the Treaty of Passarowitz (1718) saw the loss of Belgrade, leading Sultan Ahmed to sink into the floral reverie of the βTulip Periodβ (1718β30). Augustus the Strong, the βSaxon Herculesβ, could break horseshoes with his bare hands, but the turbulent nobility of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth was beyond him. Repeated defeats by Charles XII of Sweden left Augustus beholden to Russiaβs Peter the Great for his throne. The Habsburg Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI (r. 1711β40) was on the right side in successive wars with Spain, gaining Sardinia then trading up for Sicily (1720), while armed settlers, the βGrenzersβ, protected his Ottoman βMilitary Frontierβ. Frederick William I (r. 1713Β¬β40), the βSoldier Kingβ, created the foundations a future Prussian military power by steadily expanding his army and filling his treasury.
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