Education

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  Education and Segregation 1880–1900

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  Education and Segregation 1880–1900

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  By 1880, exactly half the states outside the old South had introduced compulsory education legislation, the first being Massachusetts (1852). The primary driver was the assimilation of migrant populations (and an attendant suspicion of religious school alternatives); General Richard Henry Pratt championed the extension of education (to achieve assimilation) to... More
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  Humanism in Renaissance Italy c. 1500

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  Humanism in Renaissance Italy c. 1500

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  The Renaissance began as a secular scholarly project to rediscover the knowledge, art, and literature of the classical world, unfiltered by the clerical lens that had constrained intellectual enquiry during the Middle Ages. It became known as studia humanitatis, or the study of the ‘humanities’, as opposed to the classical... More
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  The Growth of Universities 12th–15th centuries

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  The Growth of Universities 12th–15th centuries

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  The precursor to the development of universities in Europe was the reform programme of Pope Gregory VII (1073–85), whose centralization of papal power and expansion of canon law led to a drive for the professionalization of the clergy. His 1079 papal decree regulated the formation of cathedral schools, some of... More
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  University Foundations in Britain 1264–1967

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  University Foundations in Britain 1264–1967

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  Oxford’s history as a centre of scholastic study dates to the 11th century. A violent dispute with townspeople led to a partial exodus of students to Cambridge (1209); the first Oxbridge colleges were endowed later in the century. Thereafter, the Oxbridge duopoly of university education in England continued unchallenged until... More