Colonization - Page 12 of 12

Showing 133–143 of 143 results

Viking Scotland 800–1014
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Viking Scotland 800–1014

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Following the Viking attack on the holy island of Lindisfarne in 793, the Vikings raided the mother abbey of Iona in the Hebrides, within the Gaelic kingdom of Dalriada, just a year later. The Picts was unable to come to Iona’s aid and the Vikings raided again and again. The... More
Viking Settlement of Greenland 900–1490
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Viking Settlement of Greenland 900–1490

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Gunnborn, a Norwegian settler of Iceland, first sighted the island early in the 10th century, but the coastline was not explored until Erik the Red (982), after an earlier settlement attempt by Snaebjorn Galti ended in mayhem and failure. Erik later returned with a full-scale expedition, using the name ‘Greenland’... More
Viking Settlements c. 9th century
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Viking Settlements c. 9th century

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The Vikings first began raiding the British Isles towards the end of the 8th century. By the 860s, plundering had escalated to conquest; an invading Danish army seized York in 865, then occupied much of Northumbria in 871. Alfred the Great managed to defeat the Danes, and the subsequent Treaty... More
Voyages of James Cook 1768–71
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Voyages of James Cook 1768–71

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In May 1768 Captain James Cook was given command of the Endeavour, and instructed to observe to visit Tahiti and observe the Transit of Venus, due to take place the following year. He set sail, with a party of scientists and artists led by the botanist Joseph Banks, from Plymouth... More
Wales in Patagonia from 1865
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Wales in Patagonia from 1865

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‘A little Wales beyond Wales’ was the brainchild of Michael D. Jones, a Welsh non-conformist preacher in the 1860s. At the time, the expanding coalfields in Wales were sucking the lifeblood out of the traditional, Welsh speaking rural hinterland. Welsh migrants to America felt pressured to anglicize, so the decision... More
West Africa 1850–75
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West Africa 1850–75

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The gradual abolition of the slave trade in the early 19th century left both the colonial powers and their procurer African coastal states seeking new commercial outlets. For the colonies, much depended on the energies of individual administrators. George Maclean in the British Gold Coast, and Louis Faidherbe in French... More
West Indies 1525 to 1650
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West Indies 1525 to 1650

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The Spanish colonization of the Americas was driven by an implacable pursuit of wealth, in particular gold. Accordingly, they settled only the main islands of the Caribbean, as entreports for the trade with the mineral rich mainland. To man their operations, they enslaved the native American populations, but when these... More
West Indies 1650–1763
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West Indies 1650–1763

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The phenomenon of piracy in the Caribbean grew out of the practice of buccaneering, whereby the colonial authorities issued ‘letters of marque’ to privateers to raid and loot the ships and ports of whichever rival they were currently fighting. France’s first base in the Caribbean, Tortuga, began as a privateer... More
West Indies 1763–1830
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West Indies 1763–1830

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By 1763, after the Seven Years’ War, Britain had damaged the economic base of the sugar producing colonies in the Spanish and French West Indies. Britain had successfully captured the French and Spanish sugar plantation islands, apart from French Santa Domingo (Saint Dominigue). After the 1763 Paris Treaty, the British... More
West Indies 1830–1910
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West Indies 1830–1910

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By 1830, all that remained of the Spanish territories in the West Indies were Puerto Rico and Cuba. Spain was confronted with rebellious colonies in the early 19th century and tried to pacify Cuba and Puerto Rico by giving them representation in the Spanish parliament in Madrid. This was reversed... More
West Indies Slave Revolts 1791–1848
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West Indies Slave Revolts 1791–1848

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Slave revolts in Central America and the Caribbean were frequent. In Haiti a major revolt in 1791 continued until the French banned slavery in 1794. Its leader, former slave Toussaint Louverture, became the leader of the new country of Haiti, the first state to arise from a slave rebellion. The... More